Washing-machine



R. J. ANDERSON.

WASHING MACHINE.

APPL |CAT|0N FILED AUG. 16. I917.

Patented Aug. 30, 1921.

5 Quins-shin 1.

R. J. ANDERSON.

WASHING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED Age. 16, 1917.

SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Patented Aug. 30, 1921.v

R. L ANDERSON.

WASHING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED Aueqe. 1917/ I 1,389, 09 1 v Patented Aug. 30, 1921.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

I m, f?

R. 1 ANDERSON.

WASHING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.16, I917.

, 1,389,091 Patented Aug. 30, 1921.

5 SHEETS-SHEEF 4 R. J. ANDERSON.

WASHING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED AUG. 16, I917.

1,389,091 Patented Aug. 30, 1921.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ROBERT J. ANDERSON, 0F SIDNEY, OHIO. i

WASHING-MACHINE.

Application filed August 16, 1917. Serial No. 186,623.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that 1, ROBERT J. ANDERSON, acitizen of the United States, residin at Sidney, in the county'of Shelbyand S t'ate of Ohio, have invented certain new and usein curved coursesat the bottom and to be projected with crossing pounding movements atthe top; further, to provide axially extensible balancing springs for a'substan tially elliptical tub extending diagonally between the majorand minor axes of the tub; further, to provide a tub mounted to rockupon a pivot disposed adj acent-to but below the center of gravity orphysical center of the tub; further, to provide longitudinallyextensible balance springs for the tub above and below the horizontalplane of the pivotal axis of the tub, said springs at the respectivesides of thevertical plane of said pivotal axis approaching each othertoward their outer ends; further, to provide a -tub so mounted andbalanced having an opening in its top and an interior wall which iselliptical in general form, the portions of said wall adjacent to saidopening having an inclinationat front and rear of said opening towardsaid pivotal axis whereby the contents of the tub are projected towardsaid pivotal axis; further, to provide a pitman mechanism for vibratinga pivoted tub having cushioning'means interposed therein for cushioningthe reversals of vibratory movements of the tub; further, to providemeans whereby the tub is'maintained in inclined position with itsopeningpresented for ready reception of a wash-board for manualoperation;and. further, to provide novel means for selective hand'orpower operation of a vibratoi-ytub. v

The invention will be further readily understood from thefollowingdescription and claims, and from the drawings, in which latter i Figure1 is a plan view of a washing. machine embodying my invention.

F ig. 2 is a side elevation of the same, showing the balancing springs.

Fig. 3 is a front elevation of the same. 'Fig 4 1s a side elevation ofthe same,

showing the power driving means.

Fig. 5 is a side elevation of the tub, showmg the manner of mounting thesame and the spring balancing means therefor in full lines, and showing,the tub in dotted lines in extreme rocked positions. I

Fig. 6 is a detail in cross-section, taken on the line 6-6 of Fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is an enlarged detail in side elevation, showing the cushionedmeans for the pitman.

Fig. 8 is an axial section of the same, taken on the line 8-8 of Fig. 7i

Fig. 9 is a vertical longitudinal section of the tub in full lines, andshowing the tub in dotted lines in extreme rocked positions,

and indicating the course of the contents of the tub. v

Fig. 10 is a vertical cross-section of the tub and its mounting, takenon the line 1010 of Fig. 4.

Fig. 11 is a detail taken on the line 11-11 of Fig. 8, showing the meansfor draining the tub. i

Fig. 12 is a side elevation of the tub in i Specification of LettersPatent. Patented Aug. 30, 1921.

position for use of a wash-board therewith.

Fig. 13 is a detail of the driving means,

partly insection in the plane of the line 13-13 of Fig.12; and

Fig. 14; is a detail of the driving means,

in my copending application, filed August.

22, 1917, as, Serial No. 187,598. r

I do not herein claim the manner of assemblingthe tub parts, or thedetails of the tub-structure, having shown, described and claimed thesame in a copendingapplioation, filed by me August 16, 1917, as SerialNo. 186,622.

The tub is shown at 21, and is instanced as a rocking tub,'beingrockingly mounted upon trunnions 22 fixed in suitable socketparts 23 ofspiders 24, 25. The spiders comprise extensions 26, from the ends ofwhich arms 27. 28, project in various directions, screws 29 securing thespiders to the respective side walls 30 of the tub. The spiders arepreferably comparatively thin flat castings of metal and serve toreinforce the end walls of the tub and aid in preventing warping of thesame and in imparting strength and durability to the tub. (See Figs. 2,1, 5, l0 and 12.)

The trunnions are received in journal bearings 81 on a supporting frame32. Each of the trunnions is provided with an annular groove 33 in whichthe inner end of a bolt 3 1 is received for aiding in lateral rigidityof the frame.

The frame is exemplified as comprising end frame pieces 38, comprising aforward uprigl'it 39, and a rear upright 40, said forward upright beinghigher than saidrear upright. Tnwardly inclined extensions 41, 42,extend upwardly from said uprights and are at their tops connected by atop 43 to which the journal bearings 31 are secured. (See Figs. 1, 2, 3and 4.)

The end frame pieces are at their rear ends connected by crossing bracerods 46 secured together by a central bolt 47 and secured to the endframe pieces by bolts 48. The forward ends of the end frame pieces areconnected together by a cross-brace 49 secured to said end frame piecesby bolts 50, and having a space 51 thereunder, through which a bucketmay readily be received for being placed under a faucet 52 in adrainpipe 53 having connection with the interior of the tub for drainingthe same. The construction forms a simple frame having ample room foroscillation of the tub and ready access to the tub.

The trunnions 22 form the pivots for the tub. These pivots arepreferably a rocking axis located adjacent to but slightly below thecenter of the tub, the said center being indicated by the cross-mark5 1. (See Figs. 4:, 5, 9 and 12.) The tub is preferably approximatelyelliptical in vertical longitudinal sec tion, the pivotal axis of thetub being preferably below the center of the ellipse. j

The tub is provided with'an opening 61 in its top, this opening beingarranged to be closed by a cover 62. The front wall 63 and rear wall 6 1of the opening preferably project into the tub and into theplane of theapproximate ellipse along which the major portion of the inner wall ofthe tub is described, forming inwardly extending projectionsadjacent tosaid opening, having faces 65, 66, which slant toward the pivotal axisof the tub, being shown as curved faces which merge with the approximateellipse of the inner face of the tub. (See Fig. 9.) The bottom wall 67of the cover extends between said inward projections in substantiallythe plane of the lower edges thereof. The cover has handles 68.

.I prefer to provide means, hereinafter described, whereby the tub maybe oscillated manually or by power, and also to provide balancing meansfor the tub whereby the oscillating movements of the tub are caused tobe resisted at the limits of their oscillating movements for reversingthe movements of the tub, and acting to balance the tub and to aid incausing the desired movements of the contents of the tub along the innersurface thereof and for projecting said contents toward and across thepivotal axis of the tub.

In order to illustrate my preferred location for the pivotal axis of thetub, this pivotal axis may be instanced as located one inch below thecenter of the ellipse or tub, assuming the ellipse on which the majorportion of the inner wall of the tub is described as having a major axistwenty-eight inches long and a minor axis twenty inches long. Theseproportions and relations, however, are instanced as an example and notas a limitation.

Theresistance or balance means I prefer to employ, are shown at 71, 72,78, 74, as coiled helical springs. (See Figs. 1, 2, 3, 5 and 12.) Thereare preferably four of these springs employed, arranged in approximatelydiamond form having the pivotal axis of the tub as its center, andexemplified as located within the end projections of the tub. Thesprings are shown as located to both sides of the pivotal axis of thetub and above and below the same, being respectively located diagonallybetween the horizontal plane and vertical plane parallel to said'axis inwhich said axis is located. The springs extend diagonally in the cornersbetween the major and minor axes of the approximate ellipse of the tub.

The springs are attached at their outer ends to the tub, preferably atpoints but slightly spaced from the horizontal plane in which thepivotal axis of the tub is located, said ends of said springs beingprovided with hooks 75 received in recesses 76 of lugs 77 extending fromthe spider 25. Y

The inner ends of said springs are attached to the support of the tuband are instanced as connected with arms 78, 79, extending respectivelyupwardly and downwardly from the bearing 31. (See Figs. 1, 2, 5, 6, 10and 12.) Each of the arms is provided with a bearing 81 in which a disk82 is received, the disk being provided with a slot 83 in which thehook-shaped inner ends 84 of proximate springs are received, the sidestretches of said hooks being received'to the respective sides of saiddisk and said bearing 81, acting to hold the disk in the bearing whenthe parts are assembled. The disks are arranged to accommodatethemselves in their bearing'to the various positions of the springs whenoscillating the tub (compare Figs. 5 and 12), in order to relieve thesprings and the hookends thereof from bending actions for avoidingcrystallization of the springs and aiding in prolonging the life of thesame.

- a suitable power devicev or motor.

The springs at each side 'of the pivotal axis of the tub converge towardthe outer ends 'ofthe springs; They are located diagonally in the anglesof the horizontal and vertical planes in whichthe pivotal axis of thetubis "located, the helical axes of the springs intersecting said planesin diamond form (see Fig. 5), said pivotal axis and the center ofgravity of the tub being located within the diamond. The tub is therebybalanced by forces above and below and at both sides of'said pivotalaxis, the pivotal axis being surrounded by thelbalancing forces.

The springs act to normally maintain the tub in level position, asexemplified in Figs. 2 and 4c. When the tub is rocked, diagonallyopposite springs are stretched (see Fig. 12), the other pair of springsbeing contracted. When thetub is rocked, the contents-move toward thatend of the tub' which is depressed, the'weight of thecontents -moving,toward said end being .coun terbalanced by the stretching of thesprings, the stretching of thesprings further aiding in the returnmovement of'the tub.

Oscillation ofthe tubmay beefi'e'cted by either manual or power means. Ihave shown the tub provided with a handle 87 suitably secured to theframing of the tub and having a hand-grip 88 by means of which the tubmay be manually moved back and forth by the operator foroscillating thetub. The movement is an easy movement, the thrusts at the limits ofmovement being resisted and the reversals of oscillation being aidedbythe. springs, the springs I aiding to return the; tub to normalposition. Power means for eifectmg movement of the tub are exemplifiedas a drlve-shaft 89,

'jour'naled in a suitable bearing 90 on the frame of the machine andsuitable bearings 91 in a gear-case 92 secured to the frame. Thedrive-shaft is operated in any suitable manner, as by means of a pulley93 over which a belt is arranged to be receivedfypm is ca Figs. 1, 2, 3,4, 12,13 and 141). The shaft 89 has a pinioni94' secured thereto whichmeshes with a gear 95. The gear 95 is normally loose on a shaft96ournaled in bearlugs 97, 98, of the gear-case'-92. The gear 95is-located" between'the bearing 97 and a shoulder 100 on the 'shaft96.The shaft has a crank 101 fast thereon'provided with a crank-pin 102received in a suitable bearing 103 of a. pitman 104, the pitmanhavingconnection with a'pin 105 extending from thetub, as from thesaider 24 thereof.

Means are provide pitman at the reversals of movement thereof in orderto avoid jarring action of the power device upon the tub, thiscushioning device. being preferably placed proximate to thetub. Itissshownas comprising a for cushioning the cated between the bearing andthe respe'c tive ends of said slot.

The tendency of the tub in its rocking movement isf'to. continue therocking motion at the desired limits of its movement, which tendency isresisted by the springs 111, 112, so as to cushion the tub at its limitsof movement and aid in ready reversals of such movements.

It is desirable to release the connection of the pitman with the tubwhen it is desired to operate the tub by hand, for which reason I preferto employ the pin 105 as a slip-pin, which is slidable axially in thebearing 108' and is received in a bearing 113 formed on the spider 2 1.The slip-pin is provided with an annular groove 11& in which apositioning pin 115 is adapted to be received, the positioning pin beingnormally urged into engagement with the walls of'the annular groove by aspring 116 located in a tube 117 secured to the bearing 113. The tube isprovided with a cap 118 threaded thereto, through which the positioningpin extends, the positioning pin having a pull-knob 119 thereon by meansof which the positioning pin may be held out of the annular slot when itis desired to release power connection with the tub. The pitman may belaid across the shaft 89 when not innse.

Instant application or removal of "power may be had by means of a clutch121 exemplified as a tooth-clutch, the respective teeth of which are onthe hub of gear 95 and on a clutch-collar 122having splineconnection 123with the shaft 96. Figs. 8, 18 and 1 1.) The clutch-collar is axiallyslidable on the shaft as by means of a lever 12 1 pivoted to thegear-cover 125 on a pin 126, and having a fork 127, the tines of'whi'chare received in an annular groove 128 in the collar 122 for moving theclutchcollar axially. In operation, when either end of the'tub isdepressed, the contents of the tub, for instance the clothes, detergentsand water therein, .follow the courseof the curved bot-- tom of the tubtoward the depressed end of the tub, the contents acquiring accelerationin that direction during the depression of that end for carrying thecontents along the curved wall of the depressed end of the tub formingthe end of the ellipse, the contents following this curved wall untilthey impinge the inwardly directed face adjacent to the opening of thetub, which defleets the contents, with the result that the contents areprojected forcefully with a pounding movement across the" interior of(See the tub and its pivotal axis and against the diagonally oppositeportion of the wall of the tub, as indicated by the arrows in Fig. 9.The contents thus projected strike any balance of the contents theremight still be remaining at said opposite portion of the wall of thetub, causing a spreading of the remaining and projected contents in alldirections along the curvature of said opposite portion of the wall andspreading and separating the articles of clothes.

dVhile this is taking place, the direction of rocking movement of thetubis being reversed for moving the opposite end of the tub into depressedrelation, causing the contents of the tub to follow the curved bottom ofthe tub toward said depressed end and causing a repetition of themovement of the contents in reverse direction. The speed of motion ofthe tub is preferably timed with relation to the speed of gravity flowof the contents, whereby the effects stated are produced. The innersurface of the wall of the tub is preferably an unobstructed sur facefor permitting unobstructed flow of the contents along said wall andalong the curvature of the ellipse for causing separating flow of thecontents.

The resultant path of the contents of the tub is a lower path conformingsubstantially to the bottom and end walls of thetub along the bottom andend curves of the ellipse, and a downward diagonal projectionaccomplished with force past the pivotal axis a of the tub, the majorportion of the contents being below the pivotal axis. The crosswisemovement of the contents is accomplished with a thrust which aidsmaterially in the cleansing of the articles by forcing the water andcleansing fluid through the fabrics of which the articles are composed,the separating flow of the contents preventing bunching or balling ofthe clothes, for hav ing the cleansing fluid readily pass therethrough,resulting in quick and thorough cleaning-and washing of the articles.

The manner of pivoting the tub, the relation of the inner surface of thetubto the pivot, and the arrangement of the springs with relation to'the pivot and said inner surface, combine to produce the cleansingeffect desired in highly efficient manner, and also form a relation ofelements whereby ease of operation is accomplished, as the weight of thecontents is maintained below but near the pivot, and the springs arearranged about the pivot. (See Figs. 5, 9 and 12.) The movement of thecontents of the tub along the curved wall of the momentarily depressedend of the tub and the inward thrust of the contents by the inwardlydirected faces 65, 66, past the pivotal axis of the tub, aid in readyreversals of movement of the tub for affording ease of operation.

It is desirable that the normal position of the tub shall be level. Itherefore provide leveling means for the frame, permitting the frame tobe leveled in case the floor on which the machine is to be employed isinclined or has depressions therein, these leveling means being alsoemployable for raising the supporting'casters off of the floor, whensuch casters are employed. Casters are exemplified at 131, suitablyattached to the frame.

, Preferably each leg of the machine is provided with one of theleveling devices. Each of. these leveling devices, as shown, comprises ascrew-rod 132 rotatable in lugs 133, 134:, extending from the leg, thelug 183 be ing threaded for coacting with the thread of the screw. Thescrew is provided with an operating wheel 135 anda shoe 136. The screwisrotatable in the shoe, the shoe being held about a journal end of thescrew.

It is often desirable to spot the laundry, that is tosay, to rubportions thereof which are more soiled than others. My improved deviceenables this to be readily done, accomplished for instance,by'disengaging the clutch 121 and tilting the tub, so that the axes ofthe shaft 96, of the crank-pin 102, and of the connecting pin 105 are ina right line, thus depressing one end of the tub and lowering one of theside walls of the opening 61 thereof, thereby bringing this wall withinconvenient elevation for ready insertion of a hand wash-board,exemplified at 141 in Fig. 12, in said opening, and for the use of saidwash-board in the tub in the ordinary manner of use of a wash-board formanually rubbing the laundry on the usual rubbing surface of thewash-board. The placing of said pivots in a right line, maintains thetub in its tilted position in spite of tilting forces applied to thetub. The articulationof the pitman with the tub is adjacent to one ofthe ends of the tub in substantially the vertical plane in which theaxis of rotation of the shaft 96 is located. If it is desired to renewthe rocking movement of the tub, the shaft 96 is again rotated formovingthe crank-pin out of said right line.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim-as new and desireto secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. A washing machine comprising a rocking tub having an opening in itstop and an inner surface which slopes'inwardly of the tub adjacent tosaid opening at each end of said open-ing, and bottom and end wallsdescribed on a substantial ellipse, said tub having a pivotal axisadjacent to and below the. center of said substantial ellipse, and meansfor rocking said tub on said pivotal axis, the bottom of said tubcurving downwardly toward its middle under said pivotal axis, wherebythe lower middle portion of said bottom of said tub bulges outwardly tolocate the greatest portion of the weight in said tub in theverticalplane of said of a support, a tub pivoted thereto, and

helical balance springs, said helical springs located in the angles ofthe horizontal and vertical planes in which the pivotal axis of the tubis located, the helical axes of said springs intersecting said planes insubstantial diamond form, one of the ends of said springs havingattachment with said tub,

the other of the ends of said springs having attachment with saidsupport, and the pivotal axis of the tub and the center of gravity ofthe tub being within the substantial diamond.

4. A washing machine comprising a tub, a support therefor, the innersurface of said tub at its bottom and ends being of substantial'elliptical form, a pivot for said tub located below and adjacent to thecenter of said substantial elliptical form, whereby the greatest portionof the weight of thecontents of the tub is in the middle portion of thelower part of said tub, immediately below said pivot, the said innersurface at its top provided with opposed deflecting faces projectedtoward the'pivotal axis of the tub,

and the space within said inner surface being free of obstruction to thefree passage of the contents of the tub along said inner surface anddeflecting faces and past said pivotal'axis and center.

' 5. A washin machine comprising a tub, a support therefor, a pivot forsaid tub on said support, the inner surface of said tub at its bottomand ends being of substantial elliptical form and at its'top providedwith opposed deflecting faces projected toward said pivotal axis of thetub, so that the path of the goods intersect said pivotal axis of thetub in alternately reverse directions, the

space within said inner surface being free of obstruction to the freepassage of the contents of the tub along said inner surface anddeflecting faces and past said pivotal axis and center, and helicalsprings arranged about said pivotal axis, the outer ends of said springsconverging, and the ends of said springs having attachment with said tuband said support respectively.

6. In a washing machine, the combination of a tub, a support therefor, apivot for said tub on said support, and balance springs arranged insubstantial diamond form about said pivot, the ends of said springshaving attachment with said tub and said support respectively,sa idpivot and balance springs located within the end projection of the tub,and saidpivot locatedfin substantially the center of said substantialdiamond form.

7. In a washing machine,the combination of a pivoted tub, coil balancesprings therc for extending diagonally between the horizontal andvertical planes in which the pivot of said tub is located, and means forrocking said tub comprising cushion resistance means resilientlyyieldable in 'both directions of movement of the tub.

8. In combination, a washing machine comprising a tub the major portionof whose inner wall is substantially an ellipse, said major portionbeing the'lowerportion of said innerwall, means for pivoting said tub,

and a helical spring resisting movements of said tub on its pivot, saidspring having its helical axis extending-between the major axis and theminor axis of said ellipse throughout the movements of said tub.

' 9. In a washing machine, the combination of alpivotedtub, and coilbalance springs therefor arranged in substantially diamond: 7

form about the pivotal axis of the tub.

10. In a washing 'machine,-the combination of a tubpa support thereforon which said tub is'pivot'ed, and helical springs arranged insubstantial diamond form about the pivotal axis of saidtub, the'ends ofsaid springs having attachment with said tub and support respectively.11. A washing machine comprising a pivoted tub, and a coil balancespring therefor extending diagonally between the horizontal and verticalplanes in which the pivot of said tub is located.

" 12. A washing machine comprising a substantially elliptical tub, andcoil balance springs therefor extending diagonally be' tween the majorand minor axes of said tub, said tub pivoted adjacent to and below theintersecting point of said axes.

13; A washing machine comprising a pivoted tub, and coil-springsarranged in substantial diamond form about the pivotalaxis of said tuband about the center of gravity of said tub, said pivotal axis beingbelow said center of gravity.

14:. In a washing machine, the combination of a tub, support therefor, apivot between said tub and support on which said tub oscillates, andhelical springs the inner ends whereof have attachment with said supportandrthe outer ends whereof have attachment with said tub, said outerends being convergingly arranged.

15. In a washing machine, the combination of a tub, a frame in which thesame is pivotally mounted, arms extending above and below the pivotalaxis of said tub having connection with said frame, rotatable disks insaid arms, and helical springs having connection with said rotatabledisks and with said tub whereby said disks rotate during oscillatingmovement of said tub.

16. In a washing machine, the combination of a pivoted tub having aninner surface which is substantially elliptical in longitudinal section,theupper surface whereof is provided with inwardly extending facesprojected toward the pivotal axis of said tub, said pivotal axis beinglocated proximate to and below the center of the substantial ellipseupon which said inner surface of said tub is described, and helicalsprings arranged in substantial diamond form about said pivotal axis andsaid center for balancing said tub.

17. In combination, a pivoted tub for a washing machine having an innersurface the major portion of which is free of obstruction and describedsubstantially along the curvature of an ellipse, the pivot of said tubbeing closeto but below the center of said substantial ellipse, theupper portion of said inner surface having deflecting faces merging withsaid curvature atone of their ends and projected toward the pivotal axisof said tub at the other of their ends, the lower portion of said innersurface located under said pivot when said tub is in normal positionbulging downwardly to locate the greatest portion of the weight of thecontents of said tub under said pivotwhen said tub is in normalposition, a support on which said tub is pivoted, and helical springsarranged in substantial diamond form about said pivotal axis, the endsof said springs being secured respectively to said tub and said support.

18. In combination, a tub for a washing machine having an lnner surfacethe major portion of which is free of obstruction and describedsubstantially along thecurvature of an ellipse, the pivot of said tubbeing close to but below the centerof said substantial ellipse, theupper portion of said inner surface having deflecting faces merging withsaid curvature at one of their ends and projected toward the pivotalaxis of said tub at the other of their ends, the lower portion of saidinner surface located under said pivot when said tub is in normal position bulging downwardly to locate the greatest portion of the weight ofthe contents of said tub under said pivot when said tub is in normalposition, a support 011 which said tub is pivoted, helical springsarranged in substantial diamond form about said pivotal axis, the endsof said springs being secured respectively to said tub and said support,and means articulated with said tub at one side of said pivotal axis forrocking said tub.

19. In a washing machine, the combination of a tub, a support therefor,means for pivoting said tub to said support, and helical springs betweensaid support and said tub, said helical springs arranged in two pairs,the outer ends of the springs of each pair converging toward each other,said outer ends attached to said tub, and the inner ends of said pairsof springs being attached to said support, said pivotal axis locatedwithin the longitudinal axes of said collective springs.

20. In a washing machine, the combination of a pivoted tub provided withan upper opening, andmeans for oscillating said tub comprising a primemover, a crank, a crank-pin, and a pitman articulated with saidcrank-pin and with said tub at one side of the'pivotal axis ofsaid tuband distanced from said pivotal axis, a clutch between said prime moverand said crank, and arranged whereby to release said clutch and positionthe axes of said crank, said crank-pin and said articulation with saidtub in a right line for. lowering one end of said opening for receivinga washboard in said opening.

21. In a washing machine, the combination of a tub, a frame in which'thesame is means for oscillating said tub comprising a manually operatedhandle and a pitman for power oscillation of said tub, and powerconnection for said pitman comprising a pull-pin, and means therefor forrelease of power connection with said tub.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto signed my name in the presence oftwo subscribing witnesses.

ROBERT J. ANDERSON Witnesses: I

JAS. ANDERSON. Bnss AILES.

